Math · Algebra

Binomial Formulas Explained Simply

The first binomial formula shows how to work out (a + b)² without just multiplying it out term by term. The colorful square below shows you exactly why it looks the way it does.

(a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b² 1st binomial formula
(a - b)² = a² - 2ab + b² 2nd binomial formula
(a + b)(a - b) = a² - b² 3rd binomial formula
a b a b ab ab

💬 Mia asks Grandpa Theo

Mia

Why isn't (a+b)² just a²+b²? That would be so much simpler!

Grandpa Theo

A very common mistake! Look at the colorful square: next to the red a² field and the teal b² field, there are two golden ab rectangles - don't forget those!

Mia

And the second formula, (a-b)²?

Grandpa Theo

Almost identical, just with a minus in front of the 2ab: (a-b)² = a² - 2ab + b². The b² stays positive though, since a square can never be negative.

Mia

And the third formula?

Grandpa Theo

The third one is a special case: (a+b)(a-b) = a² - b². The mixed ab terms cancel each other out - look: +ab and -ab add up to zero!

Try it yourself

Expand: (x + 3)²
Answer: x² + 6x + 9

Mental math trick: 102² = (100+2)² = 10000 + 400 + 4 = 10404 - no calculator needed!

Binomial formulas show up in almost every algebra problem from grade 8 onward - they're really worth memorizing.

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